In probability theory, a martingale is a sequence of random variables (i.e., a stochastic process) for which, at a particular time, the conditional expectation of the next value in the sequence is equal to the present value, regardless of all prior values. Stopped Brownian motion is an example of a martingale.

How does the martingale work? Martingale puts pressure on the reins and horse's mouth when the animal wants to raise its head too high. This mechanism forces the horse to put its head down. In comparison to other similar equipment, martingale has a mild effect on the horse.

Parents need to know that Breaking Bad isn't intended for kids. Its intense, morally ambiguous characters and storylines are meant for mature audiences.

"Breaking Bad" is a TV series that contains mature themes, violence, drug use, and intense situations. It is generally considered to be appropriate for adult audiences due to its content.